人類行為生物學：生氣、害怕、心動的那一秒，是誰決定的？｜Stanford 公開課｜BIO150｜中集

00:00 開場：生氣、害怕、心動的那一秒，是誰決定的 01:04 Robert Sapolsky（Stanford）：海鷗與蛋殼，動物天生會什麼 02:30 Sapolsky：行為主義與動物行為學 06:37 Sapolsky：蜜蜂的舞與恐懼的汗 08:51 Sapolsky：鐵絲媽媽與布媽媽 11:00 Sapolsky：準備好的學習 13:03 助教課：神經元、突觸與記憶 15:42 助教課：交感與副交感神經 17:30 荷爾蒙、壓力軸與受體 23:09 Sapolsky：邊緣系統、杏仁核與前額葉 27:57 Sapolsky：多巴胺與百分之五十的也許 32:20 Sapolsky：睪固酮與同性戀基因的新聞 35:33 Sapolsky：同一個絆倒動作，與人類的攻擊 大家好，我是 Jim，這裡是 AI Notebook。這一集是史丹佛大學公開課，人類行為生物學的中集，講台上還是生物學家 Robert Sapolsky，這次上第 9 到第 17 堂。這 9 堂課在回答一個問題，你生氣、害怕、心動的那一秒，身體裡到底是誰在決定？上集留下一個答案。基因很少直接下命令，它說的多半是，如果怎樣，就怎樣，而如果的那一半，常常在身體外面。中集就接著問，外面發生的事，是怎麼走進身體，變成一個動作的？我先把答案放在前面。神經跟荷爾蒙，多半也不下命令。天生給你的，常常是怎麼做。什麼時候做，對誰做，是情境跟經驗教的。我們分三步走。先到野外，看動物天生會什麼。再打開身體，看神經跟荷爾蒙怎麼傳話。最後看情緒，還有兩種最常被說成天生的行為，性跟攻擊。第十七堂課，Sapolsky 講了一件自己做過的事。他在球場上故意絆倒一個人，他說那是他好幾個月來最開心的一刻。同一個動作，換一個對象，全班都會覺得很可怕。差在哪裡，留到最後。先從一隻海鷗開始。 📎 資料來源 • Stanford BIO 150 Lecture 9: Ethology（Robert Sapolsky） https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ISVaoLlW104 • Stanford BIO 150 Lecture 10: Introduction to Neuroscience I（助教 Nathan、Anthony） https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5031rWXgdYo • Stanford BIO 150 Lecture 11: Introduction to Neuroscience II（助教：記憶與可塑性、自律神經系統） https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uqU9lmFztOU • Stanford BIO 150 Lecture 12: Endocrinology（助教 Tom、Will） https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yETVsV4zfFw • Stanford BIO 150 Lecture 13: Advanced Neurology and Endocrinology（Robert Sapolsky） https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kAfz0yAcOyQ • Stanford BIO 150 Lecture 14: Limbic System（Robert Sapolsky） https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CAOnSbDSaOw • Stanford BIO 150 Lecture 15: Human Sexual Behavior I（Robert Sapolsky） https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LOY3QH_jOtE • Stanford BIO 150 Lecture 16: Human Sexual Behavior II（Robert Sapolsky） https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=95OP9rSjxzw • Stanford BIO 150 Lecture 17: Human Sexual Behavior III & Aggression I（Robert Sapolsky） https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JPYmarGO5jM • Stanford — Human Behavioral Biology（Robert Sapolsky，課程完整播放清單） https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL848F2368C90DDC3D • Harlow (1958) The Nature of Love. American Psychologist https://doi.org/10.1037/h0047884 • Mujica-Parodi et al. (2009) Chemosensory Cues to Conspecific Emotional Stress Activate Amygdala in Humans. PLoS ONE https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0006415 • Zhou & Chen (2009) Fear-related chemosignals modulate recognition of fear in ambiguous facial expressions. Psychological Science https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.2009.02263.x • Tinbergen et al. (1962) Egg shell removal by the black-headed gull: a behaviour component of camouflage. Behaviour https://doi.org/10.1163/156853961x00213 • Seyfarth, Cheney & Marler (1980) Monkey responses to three different alarm calls. Science https://doi.org/10.1126/science.7433999 • Gillies, Linton & Lowry (1982) Corticotropin releasing activity of the new CRF is potentiated several times by vasopressin. Nature https://doi.org/10.1038/299355a0 • Alexander & Perachio (1973) The influence of target sex and dominance on evoked attack in rhesus monkeys. Am J Phys Anthropol https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.1330380264 • Rosenblatt & Aronson (1958) The decline of sexual behavior in male cats after castration with special reference to the role of prior sexual experience. Behaviour https://doi.org/10.1163/156853958x00019 • Damassa et al. (1977) The relationship between circulating testosterone levels and male sexual behavior in rats. Hormones and Behavior https://doi.org/10.1016/0018-506x(77)90002-2 • Mark, Sweet & Ervin (1967) Role of brain disease in riots and urban violence（致編輯信）. JAMA https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1967.03130110121050 • Schachter & Singer (1962) Cognitive, social, and physiological determinants of emotional state. Psychological Review https://doi.org/10.1037/h0046234 • Fiorillo, Tobler & Schultz (2003) Discrete coding of reward probability and uncertainty by dopamine neurons. Science https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1077349 • Singer et al. (2004) Empathy for pain involves the affective but not sensory components of pain. Science https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1093535 • Langford et al. (2006) Social modulation of pain as evidence for empathy in mice. Science https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1128322 • Adolphs et al. (2005) A mechanism for impaired fear recognition after amygdala damage. Nature https://doi.org/10.1038/nature03086 • Hamer et al. (1993) A linkage between DNA markers on the X chromosome and male sexual orientation. Science https://doi.org/10.1126/science.8332896 • Ganna et al. (2019) Large-scale GWAS reveals insights into the genetic architecture of same-sex sexual behavior. Science https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aat7693 --- Jim AI Notebook | Note the Future 每日深度解析 AI 最新進展 #HumanBehavioralBiology #人類行為生物學 #Stanford公開課 #BIO150 #RobertSapolsky #動物行為學 #神經科學 #內分泌 #邊緣系統 #杏仁核 #多巴胺 #睪固酮 #史丹佛大學 #JimAINotebook